In areas with limited access to costly molecular marker technology, our findings present a practical alternative for glioma patient management and highlight avenues for future research on non-invasive diagnostic techniques.Two examples of brain MRIs from patients in this study, illustrating various glioma grades, IDH mutation statuses, and MGMT methylation statuses, are shown in Figs. 5 and 6. Here, MGMT is linked to glioma.