PDCD1 and melanoma: Combination BRAF and MEK inhibition1,2 as well as dual blockade of programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) and cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4)3,4 both offer clinical benefit and are approved by the United States (US) Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Medical Agency (EMA) as first-line treatment options for BRAFV600-mutant melanoma.