JNK binds and phosphorylates c-Jun and increases its transcriptional activity, thereby activating an important component of the AP-1 transcription complex, which is an important regulator of gene expression, the c-Jun protein is a widely studied member of the AP-1 family, and its functions include cell proliferation, apoptosis, growth, tumor formation, trauma, and stress, especially the stress caused by ionizing radiation [67, 68]. Here, JUN is linked to neoplasm.