ISG15 and systemic lupus erythematosus: In addition, among the 9 genes mentioned above, 6 genes (DDX60, EIF2AK2, IRF9, IFI6, IFNGR1, ISG15) have been elucidated to be associated with SLE, but no reports have been found to be related to PBC; Both STAT1 and SOCS3 were found to be associated with SLE and PBC; IFITM3 has not been reported to be associated with SLE or PBC.