Furthermore, we also performed T-cell cytotoxicity assays to confirm that the immune-inhibitory function of PD-L1 was affected by OTUB2 in human tumor cells, OTUB2 KD rendered tumor cells more sensitive to human peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC)-mediated killing (Fig. 7h and Supplementary Fig. 16c). This evidence concerns the gene CD274 and neoplasm.