PPARA and acute kidney injury: Furthermore, compared to those in the vehicle-treated mice, the number of cells that reacted against anti-cleaved caspase 3 antibody was increased in AKI mice, whereas it was reduced in iMSC-EV-treated (p < 0.0001) and pan PPAR-iMSC-EV-treated mice (p < 0.0001) (Fig. 5B).