MAPK3 and acute kidney injury: Lim et al. reported that exosomes from iMSCs were able to attenuate the progression of AKI induced by unilateral ischemia and contralateral nephrectomy, as demonstrated by the enhanced renal microstructure, fewer apoptotic cells and oxidative DNA damage, increased expression of antioxidative and pro-inflammatory genes, and ERK1/2 activation [42].