PAPPA and preeclampsia: The feature variables to training the models included maternal characteristics (age, BMI, gestational age), medical history (previous histories of smoking, hypertension, diabetes, and previous preeclampsia), prenatal laboratory and ultrasound results (β-HCG and pregnancy-associated plasma protein A, crown-rump length, transparent layer thickness, and uterine arteries pulsatility index), and medication prescribed during pregnancy that was obtained during prenatal screening in early pregnancy.