38,456 genes and 15,816 genes were found to be significantly up- and downregulated, respectively, in canine CD4+ PTCL compared to control CD4+ lymphocytes based on a p-value cutoff of 0.05 following Benjamini–Hochberg adjustment (Fig. 2C). Here, CD4 is linked to mature T-cell and NK-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma.