ANPEP and acute myeloid leukemia: In this study, we aimed to obtain relevant biomarkers by studying the immune heterogeneity of RA, to explore the relationship between these biomarkers and AML, to analyze whether they have the potential to be used as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for AML, and to compare their diagnostic capabilities with those of the biomarkers that have been previously identified, such as CD13, CD33, CD14, and others [2–7].