rL. lactis treatment prior to infection with C. perfringens led to temporal and spatial changes in expression of IL-13 (Figure 5A), IL-17 (Figure 5B), IL-18 (Figure 5C), IL-22 (Figure 5D), IL-12p40 (Figure 5E) and IFN-γ (Figure 5F) to β-actin from week 1 onwards in all sites along the intestine. Here, IFNG is linked to infection.