Previous studies have suggested that inhibiting the effects of crucial molecules of PPAT secretome may inhibit PCa progression, such as CXCR4 antagonist AMD3100 inhibiting CXCL12 55, UCB35625 inhibiting the CCR3/CCL7 axis 56, TGF-β receptor inhibiting SB431542 58, and IGF-1 receptor inhibiting AG1024 59. Here, CXCR4 is linked to posterior cortical atrophy.