Downregulation of IRF1 (for both mRNA and protein) in tumor tissues by CGA in the combination group was also more effective than that by anti-PD-1 antibody monotherapy (Fig. 5B, CGA +Anti-PD-1 vs NS + Anti-PD-1, p < 0.05, p < 0.05 for the MC38 and 4T1 tumor tissues at mRNA level, and p < 0.05, p < 0.001 for MC38 and 4T1 tumor tissues at protein level). Here, PDCD1 is linked to neoplasm.