Our data showed that the proportion of IFN-γ+ CD8+ T cells was increased in the combination group in the two murine tumor models; for the MC38 tumor-bearing mice, improvement of the IFN-γ+ CD8+ T cells was more significant than monotherapy (Fig. 6B; 2.77-fold upregulated with respect to the NS + Anti-PD-L1 group, p < 0.001, respectively), agreeing with its therapeutic efficacy (Fig. 4A-D). Here, IFNG is linked to neoplasm.