Mesangial cells from LN patients cultured with polyinosinic–polycytidylic acid (poly IC) will upregulate the expression of CCL5, IFNβ, and retinoic acid-inducible gene-I (RIG-I), and addition of TNFα further enhanced the poly IC-induced expression of CCL5, IFNβ, and RIG-I (88). This evidence concerns the gene RIGI and lobular neoplasia.