TNF and depressive symptom measurement: By contrast, BV2 cells treated with TNF-α in the presence of NF-κB inhibitor pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) suppressed the expression of CD68 and IL-6 and activity of NF-κB, implying that TNFα controls microglial activation by NF-κB signaling in lupus with depression (79).