Whole blood cells from SLE patients stimulated with TGF-β1 upregulated the expression of platelet-derived growth factor B (PDGF-B), whereas addition of the TGF-β1 antagonist or neutralizing anti-TGF-β1 antibody significantly suppressed production of PDGF-B (107). Here, TGFB1 is linked to systemic lupus erythematosus.