TNF and systemic lupus erythematosus: Migration rate, proliferation of SLE bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) expression were lower than those in healthy controls, which was further suppressed by addition of SLE serum or TNFα stimulation (85) but was upregulated by stimulating with IKKβ inhibitor 2-[(aminocarbonyl)amino]-5-(4-fluorophenyl)-3-thiophenecarboxamide (TPCA-1).