The first successes involved Programmed-death 1(PD-1)/Programmed-Death ligand 1 (PD-L1) and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) pathways which are crucial mediators of cancer cells evasion from antitumoral T-cell-mediated cytotoxicity (12). The gene discussed is CTLA4; the disease is cancer.