For example, Kopits et al. (2011) examined willingness to pay for genetic testing, while the Risk Evaluation & Education for Alzheimer’s Disease (REVEAL) study primarily examined the psychological effects of genetic testing for APOE genotype status in successive, multi-site trials to provide insight into the potential benefits or harms of risk disclosure (Chao et al., 2008; Ashida et al., 2010; Besser et al., 2015; Roberts, 2019). Here, APOE is linked to Alzheimer disease.