A striking cytopathic effect was observed in Vero E6 cells incubated with media, indicating that the viral replication and associated cell damage persisted until 96 h post-infection, while the cells cultured with IFN-γ or IFN-γ plus IL-1β cleared the virus and showed little cytopathology at 96 h post-infection (Figure 1F). Here, IL1B is linked to infection.