Likewise, IL-11 (15), type I and III interferons (IFN) (16, 17), and acute phase proteins including pentraxin, diverse chemoattractants such as RANTES and MIP-1α and β, or eotaxin (3), as well as proteins that are involved in Mtb-driven tissue remodeling and lung matrix destruction, primarily matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) (18) or ostepontin (19), have been linked to both protective as well as dysfunctional responses in the regulation of inflammation and development of lung pathology in TB and other diseases. The gene discussed is CCL5; the disease is tuberculosis.