Recent studies have demonstrated that anti-TNFR2, as a potential cancer immunotherapy, produces powerful anti-tumor effects and long-lasting protective memory in a variety of mouse tumor models, and that the mechanism of enhancing anti-tumor immunity may be through the disinhibition of Tregs and exhausted CD8+T cells (Torrey et al., 2019; He et al., 2023; Liao et al., 2023). This evidence concerns the gene TNFRSF1B and cancer.