In the muscles of patients, phosphorylation of PI3K-AKT and AMPK is suppressed due to insulin resistance and metabolic stress,32,33 resulting in blocked GLUT4 vesicle trafficking and decreased GLUT4 expression, as well as declined oxidative phosphorylation metabolism and the oxidative-to-glycolytic fiber type switch.4 The gene discussed is AKT1; the disease is Insulin resistance.