Many IBD therapies target macrophages and cytokine by inducing polarization of alternatively activated macrophages or inhibiting inflammatory signaling pathways.326 (Table 3) The typical therapy regimen is the use of anti-inflammatory agents such as corticosteroids (Dex, hydrocortisone, prednisone), immunosuppressive agents (azathioprine, 6-mercaptopurine), and vascular adhesion molecules.16 In addition, three biologic drugs are approved for clinical use, including TNF-α antagonists, interleukin 12/23 antagonists, and integrins.327. This evidence concerns the gene TNF and inflammatory bowel disease.