INS and diabetes mellitus: Diabetes is a widespread metabolic disorder affecting a large population worldwide.376 Insulin is a hormone that regulates blood glucose in the body.377,378 Diabetes is a severe condition induced by either insufficient insulin secretion by the pancreas or inefficient insulin utilization by the body.378 The blood glucose level is highly increased in diabetes patients, occurring when pancreatic beta cells in the islets of Langerhans cannot produce adequate insulin.