GCSH and intervertebral disk degenerative disorder: It was verified that cuproptosis genes FDX1, LIAS, LIPT1, GCSH, DLST, DLAT, PDHB, exhibited significantly lower expression levels in IDD NP cells indued by TBHP than controls, while ATP7A, ATP7B and MTF1 displayed the opposite results (Figure 12B–12K), which was consistent with the bioinformatics results.