TPX2 and breast cancer: TPX2 can promote the activation of AKT and the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT signal transduction pathways, and the downregulation of TPX2 inhibits cell proliferation and promotes cell apoptosis in breast cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma by regulating the expression of proteins such as BCL-2, c-Myc, cyclin D1, p21, caspase-3, and BAX (Chen et al., 2018; Huang et al., 2019).