Enhanced expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), skin protective effects, anti-inflammatory properties in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophages, anticancer and antioxidant properties, and antimelanogenesis properties in human keratinocytes and melanoma cells through NF-κB and AP-1 pathways. The gene discussed is NFKB1; the disease is melanoma.