NFKB1 and COVID-19: Intestinal dysbiosis in some COVID-19 patients may contribute to the translocation of LPS from intestine into the portal circulation, hence stimulating the Kupffer cells in the liver and leading to the activation of NF-κB signaling and release of IFN-β and TNF-α (Li et al., 2015; Zuo et al., 2020b).