Third, only patients with resectable NSCLC who were treated with neoadjuvant immune combination chemotherapy were included in this study, and the presence of platinum-based and paclitaxel drugs or pemetrexed disodium interfered with and did not allow accurate assessment of the effect of PD-1 inhibitors on TLSs. The gene discussed is PDCD1; the disease is non-small cell lung carcinoma.