These ligands in particular are such as those involved in the context of adhesion molecules expressed on CD133+/− (CXCR4-) medullablastoma cancer stem cells (HTB-186 that expressed ICAM-1, VCAM-1, LFA-3), susceptible to natural killer (NK) cell mediated activity-killing (Castriconi et al., 2007). This evidence concerns the gene VCAM1 and cancer.