These hNSCs express insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), survive in the long-term (Mcginley et al., 2022), and exert immunomodulatory (Mcginley et al., 2018) and neuroprotective (Mcginley et al., 2016) effects in the brain of AD mice following transplantation into the fimbria fornix of the hippocampus. The gene discussed is IGF1; the disease is Alzheimer disease.