IRF1 and melanoma: In addition, in melanoma patients, IRF4 up-regulates the transcriptional level of lncRNA TEX41 in melanoma cells, which inactivates miR-103a-3p and its downstream C1QB, thereby promoting the proliferation, migration and invasion of melanoma cells and inhibiting cell apoptosis19 It has also been reported that the IRF4-IRF1 axis influences the effect of immunotherapy by regulating melanoma immunogenicity20.