However, there is a need for more robust studies with a longitudinal characterization of urinary nephrin levels to establish causal relationships with preeclampsia, explore other potential risk factors of preeclampsia, and define the clinical usefulness of urinary nephrin as a potentially reliable and accurate predictive marker of preeclampsia among women in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) settings. Here, NPHS1 is linked to preeclampsia.