Single-nucleus RNA sequencing analysis on 157,273 nuclei from control heart tissues and heart tissues from patients with hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS), tetralogy of Fallot, and dilated and hypertrophic cardiomyopathies a recent study found CHD-specific cell states in cardiomyocytes, which showed evidence of insulin resistance and increased expression of genes associated with FOXO signaling and CRIM1. Cardiac fibroblasts in HLHS were enriched in a low-Hippo and high-YAP cell state characteristic of activated cardiac fibroblasts (Hill et al., 2022). This evidence concerns the gene CRIM1 and hypoplastic left heart syndrome.