TGF-β, a pleiotropic cytokine associated with poor prognosis in many tumor types, is thought to play a protumorigenic role by promoting immunosuppression, angiogenesis, metastasis, tumor cell EMT and tumor immune escape in advanced cancers (Knudson et al., 2018; Mariathasan et al., 2018). This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and neoplasm.