Rituximab (RTX) was administered to 21 patients as second-line immunotherapy, including 14 patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis (14/48, 29.2%), 4 with anti-LGI1 encephalitis (4/28, 14.3%), 2 with anti-GABABR encephalitis (2/20, 10%), and 1 with anti-CASPR2 encephalitis (1/7, 14.3%). Here, CNTNAP2 is linked to viral encephalitis.