TGFB1 and colitis: For example, (1) regulating the host’s immune response: oral administration of LGG can activate the IL-22BP/IL-22/STAT3 pathway in the ileum to improve inflammation [8], Lactobacillus flexneri WiKim38 induces IL-10 production from dendritic cells and alleviates mouse colitis [10], and Lactobacillus carinii SBT2055 induces TGF-β in dendritic cells and activation of TLR2 signaling to produce IgA in the small intestine [11].