For example: (1) In gliomagenesis there are sex differences in the effects of p53 mutations occurring more frequently in males, associated with worse survival (Haupt and Haupt, 2021); (2) Men have significantly greater burden of missense mutations in melanoma compared to women (Gupta et al., 2015); (3) Rodent studies have shown the sexual dimorphism in the behavioral studies like open-field and EPM where female rats showed less anxiety-like behavior (Knight et al., 2012), indicating a baseline sex differences in both anxiety-like behaviors and the role of p53. Here, TP53 is linked to melanoma.