Combined with the enhanced susceptibility of Arabidopsis thaliana to Heterodera schachtii with ectopic expression of either Gr-VAP1 or its homologous in H. schachtii, Hs-VAP1 or Hs-VAP2, it could be concluded that the VAPs from different cyst nematodes could commonly enhance the susceptibility of different plants to cyst nematodes (Lozano-Torres et al., 2014). Here, AOC3 is linked to cyst.