We then demonstrated that microglial depletion resulted in larger infarct lesions and worse neurological function, suggesting an indispensable role of microglia in recovery following ischemic stroke.[3, 16] Notably, repopulated microglia after depletion also exhibited a transcriptional signature with up‐regulated Igf1 and Trem2 following ischemic circumstances, and subsequently exerted neuroprotective effects. This evidence concerns the gene IGF1 and ischemic stroke.