FOS and colorectal carcinoma: They showed that the postbiotics extracted from Lactobacillus species driven from dairy products have anti-cancer effects on various cancer cell types, including CRC cells (HCT116 and HT-29), through the increased expression of early apoptotic-promoting genes (cfos, cjun) and decreased the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokine genes (IL-β, TNF-α)52.