AVP and cancer: To further investigate the novel mast clusters, we evaluated the expression patterns of certain cytokines (Figure 6E), including AVP, CTSG, and NAMPT. AVP (57) and CTSG (58), known to play important roles in inflammation and immune responses, were exclusively sufficient in HSP90AA1+HSP90AB1+ mast cells, while NAMPT (59), previously reported to be associated with maintaining cancer stemness, was highly expressed in HSP90AA1-HSP90AB1- mast cells.