Additionally, premature infants often have elevated levels of IL-17 from Th17 cells, which further exacerbates inflammation, resulting in characteristics of both eosinophilic asthma (IL-4 and IL-13) and neutrophilic asthma (IL-17), leading to a combined type of asthma (Chesné et al., 2014; Anderson et al., 2023). Here, IL17A is linked to asthma.