CCN1 and osteoarthritis: In particular, CCN1 showed proangiogenic activities in HUVEC cells through binding to αvβ3- and α6β1-integrins (57), while WISP1 (CCN4) induced IL-6 expression in fibroblasts from synovial membrane from patients with osteoarthritis (OASMFs) through αvβ5-integrin (58).