As it turns out, family Ruminococcaceae has also featured in several inflammatory diseases while inducing the production of an inflammatory polysaccharide, capable of enabling dendritic cells to generate pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) (35), with a few studies confirming elevated levels of intestinal inflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α, in individuals with insomnia (4, 34). Here, TNF is linked to insomnia.