These cytokines interact in an autocrine/paracrine manner with the vascular endothelium to increase the expressions of the endothelial cell surface adhesion molecules E-selectin, ICAM-1 and VCAM-1, resulting in increased endothelial adhesion of cancer cells and increased migration of endothelial cells, with formation of tubules and branch points (angiogenesis) (40). This evidence concerns the gene VCAM1 and cancer.