MMP9 and neoplasm: It plays multiple roles regulating signaling pathways in a variety of tumor types leading to altered protein trafficking and endocytosis, to increased cell proliferation and tumor growth, angiogenesis, migration, invasion and metastasis via IGF1/IGF-1R, Akt-Mdm2-p53, MMP9-Cdc42, VEGFA or integrins (20, 26–33).