SERPINE1 and neoplasm: High levels of PAI-1 in tumor tissue extracts, serum, and plasma have been associated with poor prognosis in EOC (Chambers et al., 1998; Ho et al., 1999; Kuhn et al., 1999; Aune et al., 2012), and increased PAI-1 has been demonstrated to be mitogenic, pushing proliferating EOC cells through the G1 checkpoint, leaving mutations intact (Giacoia et al., 2014).