AER: Albumin excretion rate; GV: Glycemic variability; LADA: Latent autoimmune diabetes of adults; DBP: Diastolic blood pressure; DR: Diabetic retinopathy; Hcy: Homocysteine; CRP: C-reactive protein; CTGF: Connective tissue growth factor; PDR: Proliferative diabetic retinopathy; VEGF: Vascular endothelial growth factor; BMI: body mass index. Here, VEGFA is linked to diabetic retinopathy.