TGFB1 and lung adenocarcinoma: We found by both western blotting and immunofluorescence staining that the protein expression of TGF‐β1 in lung adenocarcinoma cells decreased progressively in a dose‐dependent manner with increasing PFD treatment time in culture (Figure 5A,B), suggesting that PFD might play an antitumour role by targeting TGF‐β1.