BAX and brain cancer: Next, we investigated the molecular mechanisms by which NCI677397 leads to resistant brain cancer cell death and unexpectedly found that NCI677397 increased the levels of autophagosome‐associated lipidated form of LC3B (LC3B‐II), which indicated an increase in autophagy, but not an increase in the levels of Bax, an apoptotic marker, in both TMZ‐sensitive and TMZ‐resistant GBM cells (Fig. 2A).