However, signaling through myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MyD88), an adapter protein transmitting signals from toll-like receptors (TLRs), IL-18R and IL-1R [82,83], also contributes significantly to the early induction of IFNα/β (Figure 2) and numerous proinflammatory factors following MHV-JHM v2.2-1 infection [84]. The gene discussed is IFNA1; the disease is infection.