GPX4 and hepatocellular carcinoma: In addition, Activating Transcription Factor 4 (ATF4) acts as an important regulator of endoplasmic reticulum stress during the development of HCC induced by Hepatitis C virus (HCV) and HBV, and He et al. revealed that ATF4 synergizes with Nrf2 to induce the expression of SLC7A11, which in turn regulates the function of Gpx4 and the synthesis of GSH to inhibit ferroptosis [147].