An in vitro study demonstrated that reducing the expression of apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1/redox factor 1, a multifunctional protein pivotal in both DNA repair activity and reduction-oxidation activity, in human pancreatic cancer cells enhanced sensitivity to chromic-P32 phosphate, 32P-CP, therapy [161]. Here, APEX1 is linked to familial pancreatic carcinoma.